Function, Difference , and Example of "Can, Could and Be Able to", "Must and Has/Have/Had To", "Will,Would , and (be) Going To", "Shall, Should and Ought To"

CAN, COULD VS BE ABLE TO

There is generally quite a bit of confusion amongst English learners about the difference between and the usage of CAN and BE ABLE TO, I will try to clear that up by explaining the difference in simplified terms. If it still doesn’t make sense, then hopefully the example sentences will help!

CAN and BE ABLE TO are often interchangeable and you can usually use either one without a difference in meaning, but sometimes you cannot.

The difference in grammatical terms is:

Ø CAN is a modal auxiliary verb that expresses general ability to do things in the Present tense,

Ø  COULD ,same with CAN but this modal can be used to express in the Past tense.

Ø BE ABLE TO can also be used to express general ability, although it sounds a bit more formal.

BE ABLE TO is not a modal auxiliary verb. it is a combination of the verb ‘BE’ + the adverb ‘ABLE’ + the infinitive ‘TO’. BE ABLE TO can also be used to express general ability, although it sounds a bit more formal.

Example :

CAN : 

- He can drive safety in the rain

- you can come to my house

COULD :

- I couldn’t finish all my homework yesterday

- Before my accident, I could run faster than everyone in my school

ABLE TO :

- I’m able to work independently and in a team

- Michelle is able to bake delicious cakes.

MUST Vs HAVE/HAS/HAD TO

“Have to” and “must” are very similar in meaning , we use it depends on whether we want to express obligation or if we want to say how certain we are about the probability of something happening.  

Must means "really should or else it will be bad for you", it expresses an obligation forced by the speaker.

Have / Has to expresses general obligations. When we are talking about another person's obligation we use have to, too. We use have to when the obligation comes from outside. Let us Compare:

I have to stop smoking. (Doctor's orders)

I must stop smoking. (I want to.)

And for the difference between Have , Has and Had, Have is used for some plural noun and pronoun, Has is used for singular noun and, Had can be used for Past tense.

Example

Must :

-      - I must come to school on time tomorrow

-      - I must stop smoking from now

Have/has/had to:

-      - They have to wake up early in the morning

-      - She has to buy new dictionary for school

Will, Would Vs (be) Going to

Will (future simple) is used to express future intentions that are decides at the time of speaking (spontaneous offers, promises and decisions). And we can used would for past future

Be going to is used to express future intention that have already been decided before the time of speaking

Example :

Will

-      - I will help you with those books

-      - will you accept my apology?

Would

-      - If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity

-      - Would you mind to help me?

Be going to

-      -  My sister is going to have a baby

-      -  We are going to get married

Shall,should Vs Ought to

The basic difference between “shall” and “should” is that “should” is the past tense of “shall.” But when we use these words or modals, the usage is not as simple as using “should” in place of “shall” in the past tense.

“Should” is used as deontic modal as well as epistemic modal. Modals are helping verbs. They are also called modal auxiliary. They have varied meanings and are used to convey these varied meanings. “Should” is specifically used to express advisability. Deontic modals are verbs which are used to give permission and, hence, affect a particular situation. Epistemic modals are verbs which show the opinion of the one who is speaking.

Shall has slightly different usages and meanings. “Shall” means something that is intended to take place in the future. It mainly used in American English to ask question politely. For the nfuture tense, will is more frequently used in American English than shall. It often used in formal setting to deliver obligation or requirement.

Ought to is a semi-modal verb because it is in some ways like a modal verb and in the some ways like a main verb. We use ought to when talking about things which are desired or ideal. Ought to and should are similar in meaning. Should is more common than ought to. Ought to is more formal than should.

 Example:

Shall 

• You shall abide by the law.
• I shall post it to you tomorrow.

Should

• You should tell him what you think.
• You should go home now

Ought to

• It ought to be easy now
• We ought to do more exercise

Source:

http://www.grammaring.com/the-difference-between-will-be-going-to-and-the-present-continuous-for-future-events

https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/question/can-vs-able-to-whats-the-difference/

http://www.grammarbank.com/must-have-has-to.html

http://www.differencebetween.net/language/words-language/difference-between-shall-and-should/

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/modals-and-modality/ought-to

MAKE A SENTENCE OF COMPARISONS AND COMPARATIVES

EQUAL COMPARISONS

     1.     Dhini speaks English as fluent as Ms. Sarah

     2.     Doni can run as fast as Austin

     3.     Her house is as big as mine

     4.     His job is not as difficult as mine

     5.     Taeyeon sings as well as Suzy

UNEQUAL COMPARISONS

     1.     Jungkook sings better than Taehyung

     2.     Santi is younger than Dhini

     3.     She can not run faster than me

     4.     Jennie’s watch is more expensive than lisa’s

     5.     Taehyung is more handsome than Baekhyun

DOUBLE COMPARATIVES

     1.     Kim Namjoon is more taller than Jimin

     2.     Mie sedap is more cheaper than Indomie

     3.     The more you study, the smarter you will become

     4.     Her job is more and more difficult

     5.     His skill is getting better and better

SUPERLATIVE

     1.     Citra is the best friend I ever had

     2.     He climb the highest mountain in the world

     3.     He is the hottest guy that I ever see

     4.     His score is the worst in the class

     5.     Ones is the funniest boy for me

EXAMPLE OF CLAIM OR COMPLAINT LETTER

HELLO GUYS :) WELCOME BACK TO MY BLOG. IN THIS SHEET I WILL SHOW YOU THE EXAMPLE OF CLAIM/COMPLAIN LETTER, AND THIS IS "EXAMPLE OF CLAIM OR COMPLAINT LETTER."



M/s Basuseso
106-16 cheongdam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, south Korea
Tlp : +82-2-6240-9800

May 25th ,2016
Mr. Park Jimin
Customer Service Manager
Multi Auto Tech 
79-gil Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Fax : +82-2-3438-2300

Dear Mr Jimin.

In a recent shipment with Multi Auto Tech ,we have purchased a Samsung LED Television 42inch (White)-item SM-09890. Unfortunately, we received the wrong collor and also wrong inch. 

On May 20, we received a Samsung LCD Television 40 inch (Black) -Item SM-08980.

  

We have returned your shipment along with a request for cash refund.

Refunding the money within the next 7 days will be highly appreciated. We believe that your company has deep concern for its customers. We are also convinced with the earlier dealing of your company.

Thank you for youre concern.

Sincerely,

Mr. Basuseno
Customer

Requesting Service Letter & Confirming Service Letter

 Requesting Service Letter

November 29^th, 2016

Jennie Grande

Roselyn Hotel

641 Maldive Lane

Anne NB 25005

Dear Mrs. Grande

In our telephone conversation yesterday, we discussed about plans to do our anniversary party at your Ballroom on Roselyn Hotel. I want to comfirm to you.

The date of the party are Desember 25^th at 06 p.m until 10 p.m. With 80 invited guest. I want one large room for my party, that can accommodate all my guest and two smaller room for my family.

As we discussed, I will need speakers, microphone and a computer projection system. And I’ll need ten tables for 10’ round tables. In the smaller room, I will need four smaller tables.

About the dinner dishes, I would appreciate your faxing me about the menu choices from your hotel.but not latter than Desember 10^th.

I also receive fee that will be the projected for our anniversary party. I will give final confirmation of my reservation on  20^th.

I would like to thanks for your assistance in planning our anniversary party. I look forward to meeting you next week when i come to look over your facilities.

Sinceraly,

Mr & Mrs Basuseno

Confirming & Service Letter

December 1^st, 2016

Mr & Mrs Basuseno

Customer

68260 Secret Lane

Dear Mr & Mrs Basuseno

Thank you for the letter you sent on November 29^th. The letter is our reply for your Anniversary party in Roselyn Hotel. This letter will confirm about discussing plants for your Anniversary party.

We understand you would like to reserve our ballroom facilities on December 25^th. 80 people will attend your party. You will need a total of three rooms. One large rooms and Two smaller room for your familly.

As your request we’ll provide a speaker, microphone and one set computer. We need to know the computer’s model and operating system. Please provide us this information two weeks before the start of your Annivesary party.

In each small room, we will provide four smaller tables. And for large rooms we’ll provide ten tables for 10’ round tables. This request can be submitted one week before the party.

On December 17^th we will provide a dinner. The menu choices were faxed to you last Sunday. Please tell us your menu selections one week before the party. We’ll faxed the projected cost after you decide on the required equipment and type of dinner, we can finalize the cost estimate

I appreciate having the opportunity to plan your Anniversary Party. We look forward to showing you our facility  when you visit this week.

Sinceraly,

 
Jennie Grande

Business Call Conversation And Email Advertising

Business call

Receptionist : Good morning, PT. Basuseno, how  may I help you?

Ms.Pratiwi : Yes, Could I speak to Mr. Basuseno please?

Receptionist : Can I ask whom I’m speaking to please?.

Ms.Pratiwi: Yes. My name is Dhini Pratiwi.

Receptionist: Can you spell it mrs ?

Ms. Pratiwi: Yes , P-R-A-T-I-W-I.

Receptionist: Okay, Could you hold on a moment please ?

.......

Mr. Basuseno : Hallo

Ms.Pratiwi:Good Morning Mr Basuseno ,im Dhini Pratiwi I would remind  our important meeting  with NINES Company will be held  at 11 am”.

Mr Basuseno : Okay, i will come on time

Ms Pratiwi: Thank you very much sir.

Mr. Basuseno: You are welcome. Good Morning.

Ms Pratiwi : Good Morning Sir

Make Appointment

Receptionist : Good Afternoon, PT. Basuseno,how  may I help you?

Ms.Pratiwi : Yes, I would like to speak to Mr.Basuseno, please.

Receptionist : I'm sorry, Mr. Basuseno is out of the office at the moment.

Ms.Pratiwi : Do you know when to expect him?
Receptionist: I should be back about 3:00. Would you like to leave a message?

Ms.Pratiwi: Yes. My name is Dhini Pratiwi.

Receptionist: Is that P-R-A-T-I-W-I?

Ms. Pratiwi: Yes it is.

Receptionist: Okay, and may I tell him what this is in regards to?

Ms.Pratiwi: Well, it's a rather personal matter..

Receptionist: That's okay. How can he reach you, Ms. Pratiwi?

Ms. Pratiwi: At 255-2013.

Receptionist: 255-2013 Fine . I will give him the message as soon as he returns.

Ms Patiwi: Thank you very much.

Receptionist: You are welcome. Goodbye.

CANCELING APPOINTMENT

Receptionist : Good Afternoon, PT. Basuseno,how  may I help you?

Ms.Pratiwi : Yes, I would like to speak to Mr.Basuseno, please.

Receptionist : I'm sorry, Mr. Basuseno is out of the office at the moment.Would you like to leave a message?

Ms.Pratiwi: Yes. I hate to do this, but I need to cancel my reservation. I have personal matters that need fixing.

Receptionist: If you'll just give me your name, phone, and reservation date

Ms. Pratiwi: My name is Dhini Pratiwi. I'm at 255-2013. The reservation was for May 25th.

Receptionist: Okay, Ms. Pratiwi, one second, and there you go. Your reservation is now cancelled. I will give him the message as soon as he returns.

Ms. Pratiwi: Thank you. I'll make another reservation as soon as I can.

Receptionist: It's been my pleasure to help you.

Ms. Pratiwi : Good Morning

Receptionist: Good Morning Ms

Email Advertisment

To MR/Mrs

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for a 75% discount Monday
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Thank You

Source:
http://www.eslfast.com/robot/topics/hotel/hotel21.htm

http://www.5minuteenglish.com/feb19.htm